Path of the Stars Essay Example for Free

Path of the Stars EssayThe melodic phrase Stars from the musicale Les Miserables is sung by Inspector Javert near the end of Act I when he realized that it was dung are Valjean whom he had helped escape from the group of Thenardier. Inspector Javert is a rather curious character. A good personation of him is well laid-out in the novel. However, in the musicale version, only snippets of Javerts personality can be gleamed when observed carefully.Stars whitethorn not be one of the internationally renowned songs from musicale like I intakeed a Dream and On My Own, provided it offers a good insight into the way Inspector Javert sees himself as a law-enforcement agent, law-breakers like Jean Valjean, and his obsession, bordering on madness, in the pursuit of law-breakers, especially Jean Valjean, to manifestation justice. Javerts sees himself as one of the stars, filling the darkness with order and light sentinels, silent and sure, keeping watch in the night. He sees himself as a n unobtrusive individual in society keeping the order and standing as a vanguard of peace always on the watch. He is always there to maintain the peace in society. He believes that each of us, like the stars, knows his proper place and function in society and those who stray from their intractable and sure itinerarys, law-breakers and fugitives, must pay the price and face justice. Law-breakers are stars that kick in lost their way, men who have deviated from their roles in society. They flee in the dark for they are out of graces in the eyes of God, according to Javert.As a sacred duty, Javert has taken it into himself, swearing by the stars, that he would not rest until these fugitives are brought to face justice. This duty is his role in society his course and aim in the skies as one of the stars, and so it must be, for so it is written. If we follow Javerts philosophy that all men in society are but stars with fixed path in the skies and those stars that fall from their path s fall in flame, this same philosophy gives us an idea of how hard Javert could be even to himself.If and when Javert, as a star in the sky, deviates from his fixed path he, as well, must pay the price. This insight into the thinking of Javerts gives as a dark anticipation of what may happen in case he fails in his pursuit of Jean Valjean (as the case would be in Act II). Javert may not be one of the most amiable characters in the musicale Les Miserables but he gives us a good picture of a segment of our society today. People who die hard to be fanatical and rigid in their views are epitomized by Javert. I am not a good authority to pass judgment on people like Javert.To some extents I accord with Javert that each of us has a role in society and when we falter we should pay the consequences. But I do not agree in the rigid application of justice as espoused by Javert. I believe that when a person commits a wrong we must temper our judgment by comprehend out the reasons of the o ffender, assuming good-naturedly that he committed such offense unintentionally. I believe in justice with compassion. Justice, after all, has always been depicted as a lady blindfolded so that she may hear and weight with her heart the arguments laid before her.

Economics case study Essay Example for Free

Economics case study Essay(a) Explain whether health care is a cliquish , merit or customary care(b) Is health care a hand some(prenominal) effective? Explain your answer(c) Does the quote from the doctor suggest that the trade for healthcare is in equilibrium? again explain your answer(d) Compare the effects of an improvement in the quality of product provided by the NHS and that provided by a insular health care company(e) Explain 2 meanings of the word skill(f) What is presumable to happen to close area firms which are non efficient?(g) In which market structure is information about best practice likely to be most vacately available(h) Discuss the personal and external benefits of health care. a) A existence good is a good that is a benefit to hostel and is provided free of make up to cabaret, usually by the government running the country. Theses goods are non provided by confidential companies and firms as they do non render profit, which consequently leads to a market failure due to a lack of provision of public/merit goods.Examples for such goods are roads, streetlights, education, public libraries etc.NHS (National Health Ser delinquency) is a public good and government organization. It is a service that is free at the point of delivery beca theatrical role purchase assure pays for it indirectly by dint of taxes.The NHS provides free healthcare to society, this is especially beneficial for the low income group sector of society thus making it a public good. The demand for this service is last, as healthcare is very pricy in the private sector.As the law of demand states that when the prices increase demand decreases. Here there is no actual price for the service thus the demand must be high. But sometimes this high demand creates a problem as the fork out cannot be met public goods are goods that do not render profits.And thus these organizations are run by government outlay and whitethorn not in reality be updated wit h the best quality as they have a limit in their budgets. They do not have the quality of being efficient as they do not fool profits from their operate.b) A free good is good that is not scarce, has a zilch market price and do not have any hazard costs when consumed. The key word is chance cost.(***Free good is a term apply in economics to describe a good that is not scarce. A free good is available in as great a amount as desired with zero opportunity cost to society.)Opportunity cost is the cost of forgoing mavin opportunity for an opposite. For example A school has been given 10,000$ and it can either spend it on books and supplies or on a in the raw gym. Thus the opportunity cost to build the gym would be the loss of not buying books and vice versa.An example for free good can be sunlight, air, salt water etc.Considering healthcare, it can be noted that healthcare does not fall into the category of free good.It is an economic good even a public organization like the N HS. As NHS is a government funded subject, it is actually just a free service at the point of delivery. The taxpayers pay for this good therefore it does have a market think of indirectly through taxes. And it is not a resource that is available all the time, thus making it modified and not scarce.As it is government funded, the government can choose to spend their money on something else kinda of healthcare. whence there is an opportunity cost to providing healthcare. The government can may spend the same arrive on public structures (roads, streetlights, traffic lights or on education etc). As provision of healthcare has an opportunity cost, it makes it an economic good and not a free good. (*** Economic good is a good that has an opportunity cost thus giving it a price and hence making it scarce.)c) The market for healthcare (pubic healthcare) is not in equilibrium as the doctor quoteswe just get more patients and we cant cope with anymore. because suggesting that the supply cannot meet the demand and thus the market equilibrium is not met.Market equilibrium is when the market is in a stage where the demand meets the supply.For eg In the figure below, we see that at price P1 the quantity Q1 is both demanded and supplied. Thus the market in equilibrium at the price P1 since the quantity of goods that passel deal to buy at price Q1 is equal to quantity of the goods the supplier wants to sell at that price. This price P1 is alike called as market clearing price, as everything produced is sold. The market thus remains in equilibrium.The healthcare sector (NHS) does not follow this structure of market equilibrium. The figure below shows the demand for healthcare in the private and public healthcare.This follows the demand laws that when prices increase then the demand for the good decreases as can be in seen in the demand for private healthcare operate. Whereas the demand for public healthcare is very high as the price is very low or minimal. ( go stea dy 1)Figure 2 When the prices are low then the suppliers supply less(prenominal) of their goods. In the case of healthcare (public healthcare), the providers of this services may not be provide less of their services but the quality and susceptibility may be less and improvements may not be made as they are Government organizations and do not have the funds to do so.Figure 3 shows that because of the low prices the demand for the service increases to Q2 and the healthcare providers can only provide services savings bank Q*. More is being demanded than supplied, and thus there is a shortage as there is an excess of demand. Therefore the market equilibrium is altered as the supply does not meet the demand.d) Improvements in the quality provided by the NHS and the private healthcare company.The private sectors main motive is to earn profit. Any private company or firms main goal is to earn profit. This can be done by having a large consumer base, thus to get achieve a large consumer base the firms continuously improve their services and are ever striving for efficiency.Therefore an improvement in the private healthcare sector would not make a big difference as these firms are already always trying to provide better services to the consumers in order to make profits.Even though the prices are high than the public sector people would with money would chose to a private clinic rather than a government healthcare facility, as it would be wiser for them to make use of the better healthcare facilities.If there are improvements in the public sector, the efficiency of the sector is better and a lot more people would prefer going to public healthcare facilities rather than spending more money for the same service at a private clinic. The demand for the private healthcare services would decrease, and the firms would have to come up with innovative methods to restore their consumer base as a bulk of the consumers would prefer paying less for healthcare for the same ser vices provided by the private sector.The private healthcares may even have to shut down due to increasing costs in running their facilities and fewer buyers for their services thus decreasing the tax income they earn. There would be a producer loss for the private sector and a consumer gain for the consumers as they pay for good quality healthcare at a cheaper rate. But this would mean more government spending on healthcare to ensure that the new improvements continue. Or the government may increase the taxes, and thus the tax payers would have to pay more taxes in order for better public healthcare.e) Efficiency getting any given results with smallest inputs or getting maximum outfit from minimum inputsEfficiency can be classified into 2 categories * Efficiency in consumption ( Allocative efficiency )* Efficiency in production ( Productive efficiency )Allocating resources among consumers so that it would not be possible by any re apportionment to make people better take out wi thout making anyone worse off is called efficiency in consumption.Allocative efficiency in simple terms can be put as doing the right thing. Defining Allocative efficiency when there is no waste in resources in the production of goods, allocative efficiency is maximized.This occurs when there is 0 excess demand and supply in the market (S=D). For eg when a firm produces 5000 flower pots but the market enables the firm to sell only 3500 then the resources have gone waste by producing the excess 1500 goods and there is an inefficiency in the allocation of resources as they could have been better allocated.The firm could have apply the same amount of resources for something like fertilizers which would have had a higher demand. Therefore the allocative optimality occurs when the supply equals demand on the market.Allocating available resources between industries so that it lead not be possible to produce more of some goods without producing less of others is called efficiency in p roduction.Productive efficiency occurs when goods are produced at the lowest possible cost per unit, taking into account all costs arising. A firm is productively efficient when contribute use of resources (factors) result in the lowest possible cost per unit of output. This would be the point where average total is minimized. Productive efficiency means doing things right.In the healthcare sector being economically efficient as well as productively efficient is what the private clinics, hospitals etc aim for. To supply the maximum output at the cost of minimum inputs.f) Private firms that are ineffectual would not be able to compete with other firms in a competitive market. If a firm is inefficient, the demand for the firms services and goods decrease and the firms consumer base will move on to another firm that does provide efficient goods and services. Or if a firm is allocatively inefficient then its resources go waste and it is unable to make the same revenue like it would ha ve if it had used proper allocation of resources. Lack of productive efficiency would lead to the cost of production to be higher therefore the firm would suffer losses. Taking the 3 different situations in private healthcare * unable services and quality provided would lead to the loss of customers and eventually revenue, and more competition from other firms.* Improper allocation of resources(spending) spending and wasting money on frivolous items such as curtains and dcor rather than medicines and treatment facilities , the firm would have a decrease in revenue again as people would call for top quality services rather than fancy dcor.* Costs of production and services revenue earned = loss the firm has spent a lot more on setting up the place and is not gaining maximum profits in return thus being productively inefficient.g) In a private structure information about best practice is likely to be freely available, as in public sectors there is not much incentive to improve tec hniques and skills. Whereas in the private sector the commercial organizations have an economic incentive to introduce better practices for both market leadership which leads to profits. Eg 2 dentist clinics each one comes up with newer faster and high quality technology for duo such as clinic1 comes up with hidden braces and clinic 2 to outdo clinic 1 comes up with invisible painless clear fit on braces to form a larger consumer market. Whereas in public sector there would be no such highlight as there is no one to compete against and no economic incentive.h) Merit goods are goods that are beneficial to the society and include services like healthcare defense etc. The marginal social benefits in providing healthcare are great than the marginal production costs. For this reason healthcare is normally left up to the government to provide in many countries as private sector owners find no profit making scheme through it. The private and external benefits of healthcare are many.* Society remains hygienic* When society remains healthy then the major workforce remains fit as well* Provision of healthcare = public good, like the NHS makes it easily accessible to the low income society.* If the main workforce of a country has access to healthcare, the boilers suit development of a country increases.* The government also encourages the use /consumption of this service, as it is beneficial for all.* The healthcare services provided, if of good quality, makes sure that everyone in society gets their vaccines, health checkups etc. Thus ensuring that everyone is stable and in a well fit environment.* These services are more beneficial for the lower middle and poorer segment of society. The poor do not need to spend much of their little incomes and are assured of the prefatorial services.

The Formation of Rocks in Ireland Essay Example for Free

The Formation of Rocks in Ireland EssayIt is the most widespread type of intrusive flaming jounce at the countrys surface. Igneous lists form when molten rock is erupted at a volcano and then cools and hardens to form red-blooded rock (Holden, 2012). Granite rock is created when magma is forced between other rocks thick-skulled within the earths crust. The magma then cools due to the debark in temperature and crystallizes in caverns deep within the earth. The molten rock cools quite slowly over time, which allows the crystals to bugger off and develop inside the molten rock. Granite is transported to the surface of the earth by plate tectonics.The collision of continental plates moves the granite from deep within the crust of the earth to the surface. Granite is found in Ireland in the Wicklow Mountains. (http//www. talktalk. co. uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0015252. html) Granite is distinguished by leash features. Firstly, granite is composed of large miner al grains that bind tightly together. Secondly, granite always contains the minerals of quartz and feldspar. (http//www. windows2universe. org/earth/geology/ig_granite. html) These minerals represent granite a light complexion, generally a pink or white colour.Thirdly, almost all granite is igneous and plutonic. This is because it organize from a fluid state, which was magma and it formed in a huge, deeply buried body in any case known as a pluton (http//geology. about. com/od/ more(prenominal)_igrocks/a/granite. htm). Basalt Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock. Basalt is commonly dark in colour. It has a fine-grained mineral texture which is due to the rapid engine cooling system of the molten rock after it is erupted at a volcano. The rapid cooling occurs due to being unresolved to the cooling air or water on the surface of the earth. Holden, 2012) Basalt is formed generally in three different surrounds Oceanic divergent plate boundaries, pelagic hotspots and at hotspot s and mantle plumes beneath continents. Basalt forms at marineic divergent plate boundaries at mid-ocean ridges. At mid-ocean ridges convection currents pull the plates apart creating a rift valley. This allows hot rock from deep within the earths mantle to melt and erupt onto the seafloor forming basalt. (Honan, 2011) At oceanic hotspots basalt is also formed. Hotspots are areas in the cente of tectonic plates where hot plumes of magma force there way to the surface.Basalt is formed at these hotspots when an eruption occurs on the ocean floor. If the eruptions are repeated enough times the basalt can build the volcanic cone larger and larger to form an island. The Hawaiian Islands are an example of this. (http//geology. com/rocks/basalt. shtml) Basalt is also formed in a continental environment where mantle plumes or hotspots can deliver large quantities of magma up to the earths surface. These eruptions generally form from fissures or vents and they educate some of the largest basalt flows on the continents. (http//geology. com/rocks/basalt. html) Basalt can be found in Ireland in the Giants causeway in County Antrim. Limestone Limestone is a repositoryary rock. Sedimentary rocks are created by the adjoines of chemical or physical weathering . The situate which is created from the processes of weathering can accumulate over time and eventually build up and harden to form inviolable rock. (Holden, 2012) Limestone in Ireland formed about 300 to 350 million years in warm shallow seas when Ireland move close to the equator. Over millions of years the bodies of dead marine creatures such as shellfish and coral cut to the seafloor and built up on the seabed.Mud and sand particles from rivers also fell to the seafloor and added to the sediment. Over time the slant of the accumalting sediment compressed the sediment. Water and air was pushed from the pore spaces and calcium carbonate from the sediment binded the rock together. The process by which loose gr ains of sediment are compressed to form solid rock is called lithification. (Honan, 2011) Chemical weathering and eroison of limestone rock produced unusual landscapes in Ireland called karst landscapes. An example of a karst landscape in Ireland is the Burren in County Clare. Honan and Mulholland , 2007) Sandstone Sandstone is an inorganically formed sedimentary rock. It forms when particles of igneous, metamorphic and other types of sedimentary rocks are transported by rivers and gather on the seafloor or in lakes. The sediment layers then become compacted and over time cemented together by silica to form sandstone rock. (Honan S. , 2011) Sandstone in Ireland was formed 400-350 million years ago when Ireland was situated 30 degrees south of the equator. During this period Ireland was experiencing some very ironic desert conditions.Many large rivers flowed across the dry landscape carrying the sediments which over time formed grey-haired Red Sandstone which can now be found in t he Cork and Kerry Mountains. (Honan and Mulholland , 2007) Schist Schist is a metamorphic rock. metamorphic rocks are produced from existing sedimentary or igneous rocks usually as a result of partial tone melting and recrystallization. The changes normally occur where there is high pressure such as under hundreds of metres of bedrock or where rock is crushed at the meeting point of tectonic plates. Many metamorphic rocks mystify a layered structure due to this intense external pressure.Metamorphic rocks are often harder and more resistant than sedimentary rocks. (Holden, 2012) Schist in Ireland was formed through regional metamorphism. This is when large areas of rock covering umteen thousands of square kilometres are metamorphsed. Schist in Ireland was formed about 400 million years ago during the Caledonian fold period. The rocks changed due to huge pressure on the rocks created by plate movement. This deformed the rocks and forced them deep into the earths crust where they were heated to temperatures up to 1,000 degrees.

Competitive Advantage and Comparative Advantage Essay Example for Free

Competitive emolument and Comparative Advantage EssayWhat is the loss between war-ridden advantage and comparative advantage?AnswerAn advantage that a firm has everyplace its competitors, that differentiates the Product or services offered by the firm and allows the firm to reduce its damage or generate Higher Revenue or Margin is known as Competitive Advantage. A warring advantage is something that a consumer views in a product or service as having higher survey than the other competitors of the firm in the industry. It is an expertise that integrity firm has. There are many types of competitive strategy that a firm adopts so as to give a competitive advantage to the firm. E.g. Cost leadership A firm commences the lowest cost product in the entire industry.Comparative Advantage When one firm/ rural area is able to produce Goods or Services at a dispirit Opportunity Cost over another firm/ realm, it is said to have a Comparative Advantage. For E.g. if one country uses more machines and produces 10 units of each Meat and clothing in one hour. And another country uses less machines and produces either 4 Meat or 6 Clothes in an hour, each country can gain from trade because their internal trade-offs between Meat and Clothes are different. The country that uses fewer machines has a Comparative advantage in producing clothes, hence it is more beneficial to produce and trade Clothes with the other country. The country that uses more machines has a comparative advantage in producing Meat, hence it is beneficial for them to produce and trade Meat with the other country.

Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Executive abbreviation EssayPatient education is crucial to advance character reference of patient c be, increase healthy behaviors and improve health status. Nursing and patient interaction plays a very important role, and part of a nurses line of credit is to educate the patient (Ferguson et al., 2013). Educational programs such as nursing throngs would be of great gather to down at Aurora Behavioral Health facility. The following content will provide the purpose, target audience, benefits and much details on why implementing this computer programming will benefit this facility and improve quality of c are. persona of ProgrammingThe main purpose of this programming is to improve patient health and slow down infirmity deterioration. This also gives the patients a chance to express some of their worries or concerns regarding the treatment or medication they are getting. This type of population already has a challenging time understanding their own condition and or sta te of mind, not all of them but most of them since they are mentally challenges due to their psychotic disorder. This programming also serves the purpose of nurses developing a therapeutic relationship with their patients, often times nurses will be able to pick up if there is a change in behavior, which undersurface become a very important hint when related to a patient that is severely depressed. Overall increased guest satisfaction is the end goal. Target AudienceThe target audiences are psychotic, depressed, and detoxing patients. With psychotic patients that are on ten-fold psychotropic medications it is important to constantly be educating on the side effects of the medication such as lithium and the importance of hydration. Behavioral health technicians would also benefit from this as well as they themselves keepencourage patients to abide by these helpful hints reducing complications that scum bag occur. Benefits of ProgrammingAn educated patient can participate in imp rovement of their own treatment helping improve outcomes or being opened of identifying errors before they occur ending in a shorter length of stay and a speedy retrieval (Htnen et al., 2010). For example a patient who has a good knowledge and understands what medications they are on and the times they are taken, will be able to catch a medication error perhaps by recognizing the pill itself and might realize and say I take that medication at night, not in the morning unfortunately we are humans and make mistakes. Individuals with poor mental health conditions often determine inferior, this nursing program will help them build more confidence and also allow 1 on one time with their nurse resulting in therapeutic relationship. Nurses will also have the benefit of becoming more familiar with his or her patients and recognize any changes in attitude or behavior.Cost, figure Justification. The only apostrophize in this programming would be the time put into by the nurses. at that place has to be adequate staffing so the nurse is able to take the time to accomplish this daily task. at that place are only a few requirements perhaps having the nurse with the lower patient acuity do the nursing group. The cost would be minimal such as providing the patient with printed material for them to read as some of them learn better by reading. Evaluation BasisA nursing group would harp of thirty minutes to an hour dedicated to educate patients to touch base on important topics. slightly important topics consist of safety, medications and its side effects, warning signs of complications or basic topics such as hydration and nutrition. The nursing group will be done once a day preferably during the daytime shift when patients are alert and awake. There are two nurses per unit which consists of 20 beds, one nurse can do nursing group while the other remains at the nurses station attending to the rest of the patients that unconquerable not to attend or couldnt for vario us reasons. The nursing supervisor isresponsible to making a file with numerous health related topics that would be targeted to this type of population. If there is a chaotic mobile day with more important priorities to where nurses dont have the time to teach nursing group, it can be cancelled and held until the next day. ConclusionPatient education needs continuing emphasis in the healthcare systems and educational programs such as nursing group. This is crucial to patients in the experience of their illness and in the community. According to a study patients perceive structured and systematically conducted patient education programs very useful (Koivunen, et al., 2012). Informed patients can lessen changes of malpractice claims and improve and increase overall patient satisfaction. This is a low cost effective program that will help achieve and meet patient satisfaction as it improves quality of patient care. .ReferencesFerguson, Linda, M., Heather Ward, Sharon Card, Suzanne Sh eppard, and Jane McMurtry. 2013. Putting the patient back into patient-centred care An education perspective. Nurse Education In Practice 13, no. 4 283-287. CINAHL Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 29, 2014) Htnen, H., Suhonen, R., Warro, H., Pitknen, A., Vlimki, M. (2010). Patients perceptions of patient education on psychiatric inpatient wards a qualitative study. Journal Of psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 17(4), 335-341. doi10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01530.x Koivunen, M. M., Huhtasalo, J. J., Makkonen, P. P., VLimKi, M. M., HTNen, H. H. (2012). Nurses roles in systematic patient education sessions in psychiatric nursing. Journal Of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 19(6), 546-554. doi10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01833.x

Cyber war Vs Cyber terrorism Essay Example for Free

Cyber contend Vs Cyber act of terrorism EssayIn this time and era, we guard witnessed the emergence of electronic resources as the most important asidegrowth of the modern day communication ar swanment. Technologies such as cellular ph anes, root computers, the profit and meshsites hasten added another dimension to the way we live our lives today. This presentation seeks to address and analyse the negative and positive aspects in view of the introduction of computers and telecommunications techniques as follows Firstly, it raises a wareness with regard to the new age of crimes, termed as cyber crimes. The paper focuses, in particular, on the difference amongst the two common geeks of cyber crimes, cyber war and cyber terrorism. Secondly, the paper examines the limitations and wedge of having graduates through e- reading. Thirdly and lastly, the paper discusses on whether computer practitioners should be required to return a practicing indorse as it is with other professionals such as doctors, lawyers and teachers.1. (a) Difference Between Cyber War and Cyber TerrorismThe end upshot of both cyber war and cyber terrorism is the same, to damage critical infrastructures and computer agreements. The study difference beingthat cyber war is launched by governments whereas cyber terrorism is launched by individuals or a host of individuals. Cyber war, often done in happenstance with traditional military attacks, is an organised attack by one nation against another nations instruction and communication establishments with an aim of gaining an advantage over the enemy by disrupting their magnate to fight back. Cyber war attacks often targets an enemies governing bodys such as command and control governances, intelligence collection and distribution, information processing and distribution, tactical communication, troop and weapons positioning and so on. For instance, when the United States of America invaded Iraq, they disrupted the countr ys communication and defensive measure corpses, crippling their ability to find and take trim US aircrafts. On the other roll, cyber terrorism is when individuals or terrorist groups use computers, computer vanes and the internet against persons or property to intimidate or coerce government, civilians, society in order to reach political, religious or ideo logical agenda. The things that are targeted are power plant governances, foretell agreements, transportation systems, water or oil pipelines, financial institutions and so on. (online purchasable at community.mis.temple.edu/mis2901001Accessed 5 April 2014)Cyber terrorism takes many forms. One of the more popular is to threaten a large bank. The terrorist hacks into the banks system and then leave an encrypted message for senior directors demanding for a sum of money. If the bank does not cooperate, the terrorist threatens to use anything from logic bombs to electromagnetic pulses and high-emission guns to destroy the ban ks files. Most banks would rather pay the money than have the valet de chambre know how vulnerable they are for fear of loss of business. (online Available at csciwww.etsu.edu/../cases.htm Accessed 6 April 2014) One serviceable example is where banks in Zambia have lost an estimated US$4 million to cybercrime through Automated fibber Machines (ATMs) withdrawals. This was reported in the local Post newspaper dated 14 June 2013. This was after the state police discovered a scam in which three foreign criminals had recruited and trained Zambians in cyber-crime. (online Available at www.postzambia.com/post-readarticle Accessed 6 April 2014) Cyber terrorism can also embarrass terrorists getting secret data from defence files, network with other terrorists, or raise and manage funds for terrorism by hacking. (b)Limitations and Impact of Having GraduatesThrough E-learning E-learning has render an increasingly popular learning approach in higher educational institutions due to the ra pid increment of internet technologies. Many foreign renowned universities offer all types of programmes ranging from Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes, to Short Courses. Essentially, emerging express suggests that having graduates through e-learning has substantial beneficial impact on social and economical development of our societies today and includes the pursuance. It has raise skills development to would be graduates and their countries to cope with the demands of the 21st century where rapid change and globalisation is taking place. For instance, graduates have acquired an improved ability to conduct independent research, think critically to solve problems through the use of e-technology to pass around and collaborate. It has lead to an increased student turnover because of its flexibility and cost effectiveness and hence has broadened educational chance for many, especially financially disadvantaged students and those with disabilities. This has resulted in an incr eased human resource base and enhanced economic progress from direct job creation in the technology industry as well as from developing a rectify educated work force, much involveed in developing countries such as Zambia. Online access promises a new access r issuee for millions of students.This new approach of learning facilitates diametrical students at diverse continents to attend the same classes almost at the same time. It has brought about improved learning methods and teachers have a more positive attitude towards their work and are able to provide individualize learning. On the other hand, although e-learning has brought about many benefits for students and organizations alike, it also has its limitations. In order to perform the tasks required by system, an e-learning environment requires basic state of the art equipment and minimum level of computer skills. Thus, a student that does not have the minimum computer noesis, or have access to these equipment is disadvanta ged and pull up stakes not ensue in an e-learning program. Certain overthrows, such as sports and populace speaking, require physical exertion and practice. Thus, they cannot be apply in an e-learning environment. Needless to say, it can be a useful companion to traditional education for pedagogics background and technical information. A succeederful e-learning program requires students that are well organised, self motivated and havegood time solicitude skills. In other words, an e-learning program is directly re latelyd to the amount of cause applied.Successful e-learning students are able to study independently and incorporate study time into their busy lives. Students that inadequacy discipline and are not good at time management are disadvantaged and will not succeed. E-learning requires good reading and writing skills. Most activities and communications are written, and thus, the ability to efficiently be instructions is a critical skill to a successful e-learning p rogram. Students that are not well-heeled with the ability to express themselves through writing will not succeed in e-learning. 2. Are computer practitioners alike(p) enough to other professionals that they should be required to have a License too? Licensing is not shortly required for computer practitioners but is being considered by some(prenominal) professional computing organizations and is believed, in principle, as necessary as the certification and licensing of doctors, lawyers, teachers, hairdressers and other professionals. The incredulity of licensing professionals in general is a very disputed and political question. Licensing generally means that to practice a certain profession requires a government licensee, normally administered through a professional organization. The general theory of licensing professional is that it is supposed to help the general public outside the professional to be assured that someone else is capable of doing certain jobs.For instance,on e of the top e-learning institutions, the University of Liverpool in conjunction with Laureate Online Education offer 41 distance learning courses from a wide celestial sphere of disciplines. The notion that items through e-learning are perceived not to be as rewarding or expensive as full-time traditional degree has been proved not to be the case. In fact, in the late 1990s, the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education of the British Government measured academic rightness in more than 100 universities, including the Open University. Surprisingly, the Open University was ranked in the top ten of British Universities in terms of academic excellence. The only underlying difference between a traditional degree and e-learning degree is the manner in which information is conveyed. The traditional setup has been based on a memorial tablet to face communication where students and lecturers are brought together at the same time and the same place in classes,laboratories and recrea tion centers for the purpose of learning, whereas in e-learning systems use technology to separate the learner from the teacher, and the learner from the learning group while chief(prenominal)taining the integrity of the learning process. Follow up statistics placing the Open University in the top 10 with Oxford and Cambridge have been repeated for several years and cannot be statistically be explained as a mere coincidence.(online Available at http.//www.webbasedtraining.com/ Accessed 3 March 2014) The main focus of this presentation is to gain insights into critical issues confronting two major stakeh elderers in the new era of WBT, the student and faculty. The question at hand requires objective views on the advantages and disadvantages of WBT from a students point of view as well as advantages of WBT from the colleges point of view. It get on requires identifying ways that studying from a website is better than studying from written text as well as discuss in details the socia l and economical benefits and limitations of E-technology in Zambia.Systems information Life CycleThe minute part of this presentation discusses a linier Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a technique utilize to serve up developers effectively develop information systems. Gaining competitive advantage and improving information delivery will scabies an organization to restructure its activities. The information system has to be developed to suite the business scenario and objectives. It needfully to be carefully planned and activities well thought of. (Ndhlovu, 2009). Thus, in an effort to answer the question at hand a description of the stages involved in a SDLC utilize annotated diagram shall be discussed. In addition, the discourse shall also include a description of techniques which can be used to investigate the existing system of an organization identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each and also give an alternative to SDLC for developing systems.H aving said that, details of the mentioned topics in question is as follows. a) blade-Based TrainingAdvantages and Disadvantages of WBT Students Point of View AdvantagesUtilisation of the World Wide Web is a current and extensive source ofinformation and relatively easy to use. close to of the advantages from a students point of view include the following. There is unlimited source of information on the internet as compared to textbooks and class lectures as it provides a variety and quality of learning materials. Encountering a new recognize of sourcing information on the web increases a motivation to learn among students. For example, the web allows browsing from one standoff to another on a particular subject or topic Access to meaningful resources hold dear critical thinking skills and allows the student to see new ways of interpreting and evaluating information. For instance, gathering view points and friendship from assorted internet sites cause students to debate previo usly held values and ideas which they may have had misconceptions. Gain of competence with technology by learning to navigate and use the web successfully, apply computer skills, use of conferencing tools such as e-mail and listservs. Integration of technology with matter-related work provided a more meaningful interaction with the subject matter.For example, students reflected on the lack of relevance in acquiring computer skills in isolation noting that when combined with content, those applications shape a tool to improve learning in their field of study. Technological aspects of course assignments encourage concerted dialogue rather than isolation. For example, e-mail and listservs are used regularly providing a valuable resource for stand up and collaboration among classmates for help in completing assignments, reinforcer with technological frustration and to share acquired skills or content resources. In addition, e-mail communication with instructors gives a student in dividual attention that is not apparent in a traditional coursework setup. E-mail utilization has many assets that face-to-face schoolroom contact lacks. For example, student need not wait for class time in order to get or clarify a piece of information. The student who would normally shy away and not ask a question in class or participate in a class discussion are more comfortable using e-mail as a medium of communication and thus is not left out on the much needed information. For the student, online course allows them to integrate work, family and school more efficiently as it go throughs live on time to and from class for commuters.DisadvantagesThe positive aspects of WBT are countered with some frustrations that areexperienced by some students. These include the following. Student lack of computer skills, internet server being down, difficulty in accessing computer, use of rare computers and lack of technical and instructional support are some of the frustrations that a stu dent may encounter. unavoidable assignments are time consuming as mastering computer application tools and learning to navigate the web efficiently take up most of the time.Advantages of WBT Colleges Point of ViewHigher education is evolving, consumer needs are shifting, and competition for students is increasing. Consequently, institutions essential be driven to some extent by the needs and demands of the consumer. To carry out the unique needs of growing numbers of nontraditional students and to make graduate degrees more attractive and feasible, the approachability of online courses and distance learning opportunities is essential. Most of the faculties consider technology applications in university courses as the wave of the future citing their main reason for wanting its continuity as mainly being the benefits they believe their students receive. Moreover, in this time and era, a faculty member who does not use technology is often considered out of date and out of situatio n with skills that are needed for the coming millennium. Faculty respondents consistently identified convenience and improved learning as advantages for students enrolled in Web-based instruction. Other advantages identified by faculty are as follows. Students gain knowledge on how to use numerous technology-based applications such as e-mail, PowerPoint, listservs, graphics programs, and HTML, many of which are considered essential skills for todays workforce. Students also gain comfort with the medium, anxiety levels are reduced, and they are more willing to explore the potentiality of technology applications.Students tend to give-up the ghost independent learners, are more motivated to explore related topics on their own, and develop critical thinking skills. The quality of completed assignments is often better than in the traditional classroom because students have more time for reflection and better access to resources. More information can be included in a course with the pot ential for students to expand on the information received by providing links to related sites. Many students will click on a link more quickly than obtaining a print resource identified in a bibliography. Students learning how to access the extensiveresources obtainable on the WWW, online databases, and other technology-based resources. Student convenience. For example, online classes provide students with 24-hour access, eliminate the need to travel or find parking, and eliminate scheduling conflicts with jobs or family. These advantages may particularly benefit graduate students and nontraditional students. Connecting students with technology allows the student to become part of a global community. Information and ideas can be exchanged with other students and experts throughout the world using e-mail and listserv discussions. Collaboration and communication among students are fostered, as well as communication between instructor and student.Online Studying Vs. Written Text Stud yingAmong the several ways that studying from a website is better than studying from written text three distinct ways include the following. Text books become outdated almost immediately after publication and cannot be updated until the next publication which may take several years down the line. Information on the website can be updated daily and printing errors are rectify immediately. Written text is limited to the information on the page whereas educational websites can link to an unnumbered number of other educational sites to give supplemental detail in as much as possible on a particular subject or topic. Textbooks are limited to the points of view of their authors whereas the website allows four-fold view points, which is essential for critical thinking especially if the author is too vague about a particular topic. (online Available at English.varsavskyfoundation.org/education Accessed 7 March 2014)b) Social and Economical Benefits and Limitations of E-technology in Zam bia Zambia is one of a number of countries in the Southern African region that have sought to include e-technology in its national development plans. E-technology is believed to contribute to improving development outcomes in two main ways E-technology-based knowledge and products contribute directly to wealth creation. The use of e-technology contributes indirectly to national development through its impact in social and economic sectors such as agriculture, health and education, and by empowering individuals to take advantage of new opportunities. For example,AfriConnect, in partnership with the Zambian Ministry of Education, have been piloting a project aimed at bring web-based e-learning to schools in different parts of the country. The objective is to move from the traditional chalk-and-talk pedagogy to enquiry-based learning, while at the same time bringing the option of emotional statelong learning to people who have already left school. Individuals also benefit from the a pproachability and use of e-technology in a number of ways. For example, by substituting phone calls for travel, which saves time and money, and by using e-technology to obtain information on prices, for their own produce and for purchases.In these various ways, e-technology can have a significant impact on a countrys ability to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). There are, however, also constraints on the potential impact of e-technology in many developing countries. These constraints include shortsighted technical infrastructure, limited human skills to use available networks and services, the relatively high cost of communications equipment, and poor people policy and regulatory environments. These factors reduce the scope for countries and communities to realise the potential of e-technology for development.Question 2 Solution(a) pose of the Systems Development Life Cycle highlighting the precaution PhaseThe systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. In general, an SDLC methodology follows the following locomote1. Planning StageThe existing system is evaluated. Deficiencies are identified. This can be done by interviewing users of the system and consulting with support personnel.2. Analysis StageThe new system requirements are defined. In particular, the deficiencies in the existing system must be intercommunicate with specific proposals for improvement.3. Design StageThe proposed system is designed. Plans are laid out concerning the physicalconstruction, hardware, operating systems, programming, communications, and security issues. The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all aspects of surgical process must be tested. If necess ary, adjustments must be do at this stage.4. Implementation StageThe system is put into use. This can be done in various ways. The new system can be phased in, according to application or location, and the old system in stages replaced. In some cases, it may be more cost-effective to shut down the old system and implement the new system all at once.5. Maintenance StageOnce the new system is up and running for a while, it should be exhaustively evaluated. Maintenance must be kept up rigorously at all times. Users of the system should be kept up-to-date concerning the latest modifications and procedures.(b)The systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software package engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.1 The systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configu rations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both.2 The waterfall model is a sequential design process, often used in software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation, and Maintenance.What is systems development life cycle (SDLC)?(SDLC is also an abbreviation for Synchronous Data subsume Control.) The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in projectmanagement that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved, including the waterfall model (which was the original SDLC method) rapid application development (RAD) joint application development (JAD) the fou ntain model the spiral model build and check and synchronize-and-stabilize. Frequently, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely the particular plan was followed.In general, an SDLC methodology follows the following steps 6. The existing system is evaluated. Deficiencies are identified. This can be done by interviewing users of the system and consulting with support personnel. 7. The new system requirements are defined. In particular, the deficiencies in the existing system must be addressed with specific proposals for improvement. 8. The proposed system is designed. Plans are laid out concerning the physical construction, hardware, operating syst ems, programming, communications, and security issues. 9. The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary, adjustments must be made at this stage. 10. The system is put into use. This can be done in various ways. The new system can phased in, according to application or location, and the old system gradually replaced. In some cases, it may be more cost-effective to shut down the old system and implement the new system all at once. 11. Once the new system is up and running for a while, it should be exhaustively evaluated. Maintenance must be kept up rigorously at all times. Users of the system should be kept up-to-date concerning the latest modifications and procedures.

British Air Essay Example for Free

British Air render dodging In this context, dodging is to be taken as the nature and as well the direction a corporation underside take in weak of the choices which argon at its dispose. Therefore, from this definition of bug outline, strategic rejoinders sess be inferred to lowly the responses that an face takes in achieving its strategies and w indeed strategic responses. Nature refers to the rattling essence of the participation, for pillow slip BA is an air duct and hence in the air passage persistence.Direction refers to where the organization in question (BA) is headed and hence strategic responses. crunch Analysis It refers to a methodology whereby the macro environment is analysed. It will be employ to analyze the political, economic, socio system of logical, technological, legal and environmental forces affecting the airline exertion under which BA operates and to which this forces impacts on the strategic making of BA.AbstractThe airline labor is in the go industry which experiences very volatile changes only over the valet de chambre and hence companies baffle to keep up with the changes as well as invent for prospective changes and challenges in the service industry of airlines finished strategic making. Strategy making is an authorized feeling in the organization in light of the organization succeeding in the environment it is operate in. though the airline industry is changing like any separate typical service industry, it does non mean that the airline industry can afford to lag behind or sleep in footing of making strategies suitable for the now commercialises tastes and the then (future) markets tastes.Therefore the paper critically reviews the corporate dodging of British Air itinerarys (BA), the smart sets competitive strategies by critical appraisal of the phoners strategy, industry and company psychoanalysis. However, an overall industry analysis is undertaken before any analysis of the company s strategy by means of analysis of a three dichotomies impact in the company and in the context of three riddlees in the company and the perspectives which ar applicable to the paradoxes.Industry AnalysisOverviewBA is a ren possess airline in the UK and among the largest airlines in the world, facts which are derived from fleet size of the airline, the number of passengers carried and the number of supranational flights made by the airline. It was schematic in 1971 with the motives of gaining control of BOAC and BEA which was the then nationalized airlines a spaciousside opposite two airlines, which were Cambrian Airways and the Northeast Airlines. The merger of the iv companies that formed the presently BA airline was effected in 1974 and become a state possess company.However, the company was later privatized in 1987 and its expansion was gained through acquiring the British Caledonian together with Dan Air in 1992. BA is currently trading in the UK Market take as the larg est airline in term of the fleet size and boasts of being in 2nd position in terms of its market share (IATA 2012), trading under the name of International Airlines Group following a merger in 2011 with Iberia. In the global arena, the front man of BA is felt through the company being fifth largest airline in terms of the passengers who are flown using the BA airline (See Figure 1, position of BA in the global arena).Current and Future Key Issues Affecting the Airline IndustryIn interrogationing on the current and future key issues affecting the airline industry together with researching the trends and the competitive forces that are affecting the airline industry in the modern cartridge holders, in light of BA strategy making and the influences that are to effect on BA, a pestle analysis, SWOT analysis and the Porters Five Force Analysis are the tools that are going to be utilised. However, for greater specifi city, the focus of the pestle analysis is the europiuman Airline I ndustry.Pestle AnalysisPolitical IssuesHaving state owned airline, which are owned by governments and in that locationfore enjoys government protective cover provideing to regulated competition. This classic example of government regulation of international air was seen in BA in the merger of British Caledonian together with Dan Air in 1992, to combat competition on long draw poker routes.Development of aviation policies which are politically generated, for exemplification, the Aviation policy in UK of increasing the capacity at Heathrow, which according to Civil Aviation Authority are only concise term measures that would do Europe no good in terms of competing with other global competitions for antecedent USA, China and India. The idea is to have more capacity through building other airports (Reals n.d.).In UK, airlines belonging to another country are not allowed to operate within the route of another country (cabotage) and hence eliminates competition in the airline indu stry in the UK for there is no competition from the non European countries.Increase in APD (Air Passenger Duty) by 8% for which all airlines have to comply and which can translate to less travels to the UK for ADP ultimately increases the appeal of travels (BBC forward-lookings 2012, 1st April).Airlines constrains in terms of adhering to government policies for display case the pledge by the UK government to undertake champion C emissions by 60% reflected in the UK Climate Change Bill.Economic FactorsSevere crisis in world economics where financial systems have been destabilized and paralyzed and therefore needs to be restored to stability, otherwise translates to less travels by air.Stiff competition in the airline industry in the UK collectible to figurehead of competitors who even fling low fares flights. Competition was brought about by the deregulation of the Airline Industry in UKSocio Cultural FactorsUKs ageing population which is approximated to rise over the years . Projections in UKs populations estimates that there would be more olden people than there are presently (see Figure 2 and Figure 3 for the projections)Accessibility of airline travels by the lower social groups in the UKTechnological FactorsDevelopment of cleaner engines in the aviation industry which means that airlines like BA have to adopt the refreshing technologies and likewise in light of the pledges in support of governments policies to reduce carbon emissions.New operate procedures which can be as a result of sudden changes in weather patternsThe use of Bio fuel by the airline industry is the various developments in the world of technology that the airline industry has to deal with.Environmental FactorsDevelopment of environmental policies for instance the UK Climate Change BillHealth scares which mostly are as a result of the changes in climate and weather patterns for instance earth quakes and bird flues.Emissions policy in the UK, for instance the go to have airli nes charged for their share of green house gas contribution on flights that are to and fro Europe. reasoned FactorsOpen sky agreement ending the protection of national carriers and introducing completion in the airline industry.EU regulatory changes for instance the increased call for better care of the customerUS regulatory changes for instance the ban on liquids and gels past the screening checkpoints affects the customers of air transport mode who whitethorn be in possession of such goods (liquids and gels).BAs SWOT AnalysisStrengthsA Strong Brand ball-shaped appealEstablished Fleet OperationsLatest fleets that provide the calm to its customersInnovativeness in the development of products and run by the companyStrong analytical and marketing skilfulnessWeaknessesThe organizations culture (the us culture) spurn in trading operations efficiencyUnhealthy financial performanceLack of provision of competitive customer packagesPoor marketing strategies that are to reinforce competit iveness of the company to the standard of its competitorsOpportunities planetary tourism, which continues to increase due to globalizationTechnological advancements in the airline industryUKs ageing populationCorporation appraise reductionsThreatsCompetition from low fares airlines (e.g. British Airways Low Cost Airline BALOW)Increase in ADP by 8%Oil price volatilityIncrease in regulatory conditions and laws which are varying transform means of transport like electric trains and busesThe ever changing customer behaviour which is hard to foreseePorters Five Force AnalysisPorters Five Forces study is important in assure to check whether BAs proposed strategies are to become profitable to the organization (Porter 2008). diagram illustrating a simplified 5 Forces Model By Micheal Porter pick out from http//www.brs-inc.com/porter.asp, Analysis distinct to BA as provided belowDegree of RivarlyBA operates both the small and the long flightsBA is various in policies and terms with the ir competitors in the airline industryOther companies like Virgin Atlantic criticisms of some of BAs strategies for instance the merger of BA with AA and thus disregarding the companys strategies to its customers.Threat of submissionCompetitors are discouraged from entering the market byExisting stiffs in the airline industry having a competitive receiptsChanging new technlogyTransformed government policiesThreats of SubstitutesInternal substitutes includebusses, cars, electric trainsextraneous substitutes include international airlines like EasyJet and Virgin AtlanticBuyer PowerAvailmability of the internet to consumers increases the consumers conciousness and exposes the consumers to BA competitors.Supplier PowerSuppliers makes use of trade unions to have a high talk terms powerMarket characterised by suppliers having a high powerBA has only two sum up manufacturers of its aircrafts and a sole fuel supplierThe Paradox of Markets versus ResourcesThe airline industry being a ve ry volatile industry has to survive through tough financial times, for instance economic recessions. In light of all the changes that occur in the airline industry, an organization has to never-endingly adapt to the environment in which it is operating in. In light of BAs environment, i.e. the service industry, it is paramount that the organizations strategic thinkers discern that imitation of what other companies are doing in the market may not always produce the very(prenominal) results and hence BA needs to constantly study the market to identify the asymmetries that keeps emerging in the service industry and hence develop the asymmetries to capabilities for the organization. This therefore proposes that the organization has to keep in touch with the market for instance through continuous research and development of the organizations products and services and in light of the companys strategy of meet an airline of choice to customers of long and short haul premium.BA special isation from its competitors is seen through continuous research and development of the industry which can be inferred through the analysis of the SWOT, mould and the Porters Five Forces tool, continuous improvements of the companys products and services to its customers for instance through maintaining the organizations networks in the long, short and cargo segments. In addition, BA as a front-line in the airline industry has an advantage over its competitors due to its long presence in the industry which dates to the years where it was a state owned airline. This clearly shows that in adopting some strategies for instance the skill of Iberia, BA tries to make its presence felt in the global arena.In addition, the organization resources allows the organization to apply the inside out logic as compared to its competitors who may not have a good command of resources at their dispose and therefore making BA have a competitive advantage. The inside out logic follows that for a firm to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors, it mustiness have the capability of converting the processes of production in a fast- vanishing and cheap way and which BA has exhibited and continues to exhibit through its various acquisitions of other airlines and through mergers formed with other airlines. BAs strategy that is consistent with achieving its strategy of being an airline of choice to customers of long and short haul premium is through acquisition of other airlines so that all customers are within in its reach enabled through the mergers and the acquisitions.While the theories of completive advantage suggest that for an organization to gain competitive advantage, the organization must establish a cost effective way of mastering its strategies. This means that the companys operational cost are lowered and this leads to the company having a competitive advantage over its competitors. Therefore, BAs strategy of mergers and acquisitions is geared or leans towards the company having a global presence in the world and hence likable to its customers and reduction of operational costs. The reality of the environment that the organization operates in is realised through the SWOT, PESTLE and analysis of Porters five force (Fine 2009).In as much as an organization has to adapt to the environment for instance through continuous development of services and products to meet the ever changing needs of the consumer, the resources that are at the dispose of an organization in light to adapting to the current trends, tastes and preferences of the consumers in the industry can indicate otherwise. A companys resources refers to the tangible and the impalpable resources for instance land, money and materials which are tangible while the intangible resources include the rational resources for instance the relationships and re establishation and the competencies which include the knowledge and capabilities.One of BAs strategies is becoming an airline of choic e to customers of long haul premium and which is counter acted by strategies for instance through continuous research and development in order to identify the tastes and the preferences of the customers, continuous improvements in products, services and networks and through maintaining its presence in the long, short and cargo segments. However, these strategic responses are evaluated against a background of whether the market needs of the consumers are the once to guide the strategy making process of the firm or the firm is the one to supplement the strategies that BA is to take owing to the fact that whether there are adequate resources to respond to the needs of the markets so identified through the research and development process in order for BA to attain its strategy of becoming the airline of choice to customers of the premium long haul (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2008).BAs markets versus ResourcesThe strategic responses set up forth by BA illustrates its commitment towards attaining it strategy of becoming an airline of choice to customers of premium long haul which is achieved through BA building a terminal which increased the operations of the airline. In addition, BA also appeals to customers through transforming the customers service in that the customer service exceeds punctuality and hence customers are more satisfied which represents the rational resources of the company.BA has also continued to grow in order to meet at the crossroads with the needs of the customers through launching of routes from London to St Kitts, launch of the open skies and also flights from continental Europe to countries in North America. In addition, BA also made LAvion and started to fly from London to NY JKF. The expansion is made in the efforts of BA coordinating its efforts to have a more international perspective that is cable of meeting the demands of the customers. BA Plc (2010), recognises that there are 5574 BA resources oversees and approximately 35, 920 in t he UK. However, greater specificity is to be achieved through coordinating the resources and market availability (Schneider, Gunnarson Niles-Jolly 1994).BAs commitment to the needs of the customers is seen through the purchases of aircrafts which are modern which are also in the effort of appealing to customers. Other ways through which BA appeals to its customers is through being corporate responsible through its commitment in reducing carbon emissions (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington 2008).Therefore BA is driven by the exterior in logic other than the inside out logic for the balance between the companys resources and the markets availability will always indicate a different shift where the company strategies are more bound towards meeting the demands of the market and hence the outside in logic prevails.The Paradox of globalization versus localizationGlobalization is a strategy that is being adopted by international corporations in order for them to gain a competitive advanta ge over competitors. strategic tensions that a company for instance BA has to face in light of globalization revolves around the theory of globalization that is to be adopted in light of achieving strategic goals. For instance, one of BAs strategy is to increase its global presence with the strategic tensions in attaining this objective being whether global is to be taken in the terms of a worldwide scope that is to refer to the geographic presence of BA in the world, worldwide similarity of the BAs products for instance, using the word global to refer to the homogeneity of BAs products around the world or whether globalization (Thompson, Strickland Stappenbech 1994) would be in the context of the integration of the operations of BA, that is linking the world as a system through its services (See Figure 5 for illustrations of the dimensions of globalization).A different tension lies in whether BA is to respect the differences that exist between markets defined by national boundari es which can be done through designing products and services that meet the needs of customers in different countries. The paradox of globalization and localization is a challenge that BA has to address in light of its strategy of having a global presence with questions ranging on how the company can address the globalization synergies and at the uniform time remain relevant in addressing the local synergies.BAs Globalization and LocalizationTo begin with, one of the ways through which BAs strategy of global presence is achieved is through the strategic response of having a global connectivity for all the customers and this is achieved through BA establishing tier in most of the major cities in the world or through expansion which is gained through BA partnering with other airlines for instance the low fares airlines or through mergers for instance the merger of BA with Iberia, code sharing with Kingfisher carrier in India (in 2010) and the recent acquisition of BMI from Lufthansa i n 2012.In addition, BA is one of the largest airlines in the UK a position that the company has gained through having a large fleet size, flies to over 300 destinations in the world and has shareholdings in BA city Flyer, Comair, Flybe, Open Skies, AIG, ICCR and BMI. In addition, the global presence of BA is felt through BA being the 5th largest airline by scheduled passengers.Without much further ado, the paradox of globalization versus localization for BA is congruent with the dichotomy of whether BA develops a backup model distinctively different from its competitors or whether industry logic is the one that largely determines the firms strategy. In analysis, the drivers of globalization are market drivers, government drivers and competitors drivers which have less to do with BA developing a business model that is distinct from its competitors. As a major airline in UK, BA enjoys economies of scale and understands that it must have the oligopoly characteristics where firms opera ting in an oligopoly market cannot act independently on their own (De Wit Meyer 2010) and hence disputing the fact that BA can develop a business model distinct from its competitors (Porter 1985).Owing to the drivers that make a firm to be globalised, BAs strategies are interdependent with its competitors. For instance, deregulation brought new agreements for example the EU US Open Skies agreement in 2008 which brought a shift to competition in Transatlantic Routes and as a result the US Carrier Deltas, US Airways and the Continental started operations at Heathrow in 2009. Therefore, it is less win over to claim that BA develops a business model distinct to it for clear facts exists to establish the claim that it does not act independently of its competitors and one of the ways it does so is through the strategy of having a global presence in response of what its competitors are achieving (the operations of other airlines which are taking advantage of deregulation to specie agree ments and operate in other countries) (Roth Ricks 1994).The paradox of Responsiveness and SynergyThis paradox brings into focus a companys dilemma of how to respond to the competition in the industry and whether the company can match the demands of the market and at the same time maintain the responsiveness of the business.In order to have synergies in an organization there is need for a company to unify the different activities carried out in the organization which in some instances may make a company lose its business responsiveness. For a company to attain synergies and at the same time attain responsiveness (Mintzberg, Quinn Ghoshal 2002), the organization must draw out clearly its corporate scope for instances of how many businesses the company should have, corporate distribution, for instance the weight that is to be placed on each business unit in the organization, integrated mechanisms for instance of how the synergies in the companys business should be achieved and the ma nagement mechanisms that ensures that the synergies so developed are a reality to the company. The meeting point of a business responsiveness and the synergies so created, results to the paradox of responsiveness versus synergy. Business demands presents a business to forces that pull it apart while the synergies pulls the company into an integrated integral.BAs Responsiveness versus SynergyOne of BAs strategies is to meet the ever changing needs of the consumer for instance meeting the needs of the ageing population which requires the company to provide more value to the products offered to this market segment, reinforce the companys brand, development of new products and also through enhancing customer loyalty (Mintzberg Ahlstrand 1998). For the company to achieve the above strategy through the strategic responses discussed above, there is need to coordinate the various units of the organization into a functional whole whereby units so entrusted with the development of new prod ucts, researching on upcoming market trends are an integrated whole of the organization and hence the synergies. For instance, the finance department of the organization needs to avail funds to the research and development of the organization so that proper research on upcoming trends is conducted effectively. This principle is consistent with making the parts an integrated part of the whole for the whole to function as one unit, that is the organization (Raynor 2005).The paradox of responsiveness and synergy can be best achieved when the management and the leadership style demonstrates control or managed chaos. In a controlled leadership, a company attains responsiveness (Porter 1996) and at the same time attains synergies because the management of the organization is organized in such a way that the different businesses or the department in the organization are headed by leaders who have the same goals. In a leadership where there is chaos, the synergies and the business respons iveness losses focus for the management is not organised to attain the responsiveness and the synergies (Mintzberg Ahlstrand 1998). .ConclusionIn light of the volatility of the airline industry, the strategies that BA has put in place are best achieved when the paradoxes of globalization versus localization, markets versus resources and responsiveness versus synergies are analysed in the context of the dichotomies applicable to paradoxes. In so doing, BA will not only maintain its current position as being the best airliner in the UK, but also attain competitive advantage over other airliners who are its competitors and also potential entrants (McGahan Porter 1997).BibliographiesReals, K. n.d., UK will Suffer Unless Long Term Aviation insurance policy is developed CAA. Retrieved from http//www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uk-will-suffer-unless-long-term-aviation-policy-is-developed-caa-366738/, Retrieved on 28th May, 2012.De Wit, B. Meyer, R. 2010, Strategy Process, Content, Context. New York Cengage Learning. 4th Ed.Clegg, S., Kornberger, M. Pitsis, T. 2008, Managing and Organizations An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New York Sage Publications.Fine, L. 2009, The Swot Analysis Using your Strength to Overcome Weaknesses,Using Opportunities to Overcome Threats. New York CreateSpace Publishers.Mintzberg, H. B. Ahlstrand, J. L., 1998, Strategy Safari, New York Free Press.Schneider, B., Gunnarson, S.K., Niles-Jolly, K. 1994, Creating the climate and culture of success. Organizational Dynamics, 23(1), 17-29Roth, K. Ricks, D. A. 1994, Goal Configuration in a Global Industry Context. Strategic Management Journal 15, 103 120Porter, M. E. 1996, What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review. pp. 61 78.Porter, M. E. 1985, Competitive emolument Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York Free Press.